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What is a Blood Glucose Test? A blood glucose test measures the glucose levels in your blood. Glucose is a type of sugar. It is your body's main source of energy. A hormone called insulin helps move glucose from your bloodstream into your cells. Too much or too little glucose in the blood can be a sign of a serious medical condition. High blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) may be a sign of diabetes, a disorder that can cause serious, long-term health conditions. High blood sugar may also be caused by other conditions that can affect insulin or glucose levels in your blood, such as problems with your pancreas or adrenal glands. Low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia) are common among people with type 1 diabetes and people with type 2 diabetes who take certain diabetes medicines. Certain conditions, such as liver disease, may cause low levels of blood glucose in people without diabetes, but this is uncommon. Without treatment, severe low blood sugar can lead to major health problems, including seizures and brain damage. Other names: blood sugar, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting blood glucose (FBG), random blood sugar, glucose challenge test, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) What is it used for? A blood glucose test is used to find out if your blood sugar levels are in a healthy range. It is often used to help diagnose and monitor diabetes. Why do I need a blood glucose test? Your health care provider may order a blood glucose test if you have symptoms of high glucose levels or low glucose levels. Symptoms of high blood glucose levels include: Increased thirst and urination (peeing) Blurred vision Fatigue Sores that don't heal Weight loss when you're not trying to lose weight Numbness or tingling in your feet or hands Symptoms of low blood glucose levels include: Feeling shaky or jittery Hunger Fatigue Feeling dizzy, confused, or irritable Headache A fast heartbeat or arrhythmia (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat) Having trouble seeing or speaking clearly Fainting or seizures You may also need a blood glucose test if you have a high risk for developing type 2 diabetes. You're more likely to develop diabetes if you: Are overweight or have obesity Are age 45 or older Have a family history of diabetes Have high blood pressure Don't exercise enough Have a history of heart disease or stroke Have had gestational diabetes (diabetes that happens only during pregnancy) If you are pregnant, you will likely get a blood glucose test between the 24th and 28th week of your pregnancy to check for gestational diabetes.